Synergetic effect of temperature and PM2.5 on mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo explore the synergetic effect of temperature and PM2.5 on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. MethodWe collected cardiovascular and cerebrovascular death cases，air pollution and meteorological data during the same period in Pudong New Area from 2013 to 2018.We used generalized additive models （GAMs） with poisson regression including non-stratification model， nonparametric bivariate response model and pollution-stratified parametric model， to assess the interaction between temperature and PM2.5 and on the number of cardiovascular cerebrovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths. ResultsThe exposure-response relationship between temperature and the number of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular deaths exhibited "U" type and the most comfortable temperature was 18.9 ℃. When the concentrations of PM2.5 increased by 10 μg·m-3， the deaths of total， male， female， ≤75 years and >75 years increased， respectively， by 0.60%（95%CI： 0.30%‒0.91%）， 0.77%（95%CI：0.34%‒1.20%）， 0.46%（95%CI：0.05%‒0.86%）， 0.66%（95%CI：0.03%‒1.30%） and 0.59%（95%CI：0.26%‒0.92%）. With the increase of PM2.5 concentration level， the impact of temperature on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases gradually increased， and the impact was the most significant when the concentration of PM2.5 was more than 150 µg·m-3. There were different sensitive people in different seasons. ConclusionPM2.5 concentration levels of mild pollution and above can exacerbate the negative effects of temperature on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Co-load of silybin and doxorubicin by MoS2 nanosheets for synergetic chemotherapy and photothermal therapy of lung cancer / 药学学报

The active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine, silybin (SBN), can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and enhance the anticancer effect of doxorubicin (DOX). However, due to non-targeting and short half-life of SBN and DOX, as well as different administration routes and pharmacokinetic processes, this combination drug cannot act on the tumor in the set order, seriously eliminating the synergistic effect between them and limiting the effect in vivo. Therefore, we intended to construct a nano-delivery system based on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), modified by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sialic acid (SA), and co-loaded with SBN and DOX. The system induced the release of combined drugs under the dual-stimulation of pH and near infra-red (NIR), increased the free concentration of intracellular drugs, so as to achieve the synergistic effect between them. The animal welfare and experimental procedures were in accordance with the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MoS2-PEG-SA-SBN/DOX circulated in vivo, and effectively accumulated at tumor sites through enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR) and SA-mediated active targeting. Under near infrared light irradiation, MoS2-PEG-SA-SBN/DOX realized the combination of synergistic chemotherapy and photothermal therapy for tumor, thus achieving excellent anti-tumor effect in vivo. This study can provide a new idea and strategy for the clinical treatment of lung cancer. Taken together, MoS2-PEG-SA-SBN/DOX can offer a new idea and strategy for the clinical treatment of lung cancer.

Modulation of drug resistance and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the oral cavity of Tunisian children

Abstract Objectives: This study aims to investigate the antimicrobial and the anti-biofilm activities of Lactobacillus plantarum extract (LPE) against a panel of oral Staphylococcus aureus (n = 9) and S. aureus ATCC 25923. The in vitro ability of LPE to modulate bacterial resistance to tetracycline, benzalchonium chloride, and chlorhexidine were tested also. Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimal bactericidal concentrations of Lactobacillus plantarum extract, tetracycline, benzalchonium chloride and clohrhexidine were determined in absence and in presence of a sub-MIC doses of LPE (1/2 MIC). In addition, the LPE potential to inhibit biofilm formation was assessed by microtiter plate and atomic force microscopy assays. Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS v. 17.0 software using Friedman test and Wilcoxon signed ranks test. These tests were used to assess inter-group difference (p < 0.05). Results: Our results revealed that LPE exhibited a significant antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities against the tested strains. A synergistic effect of LPEs and drug susceptibility was observed with a 2–8-fold reduction. Conclusion: LPE may be considered to have resistance-modifying activity. A more detailed investigation is necessary to determine the active compound responsible for therapeutic and disinfectant modulation.

Modulation of fructo-oligosaccharide during silybin-meditated improvement of nonalcoholic fatty liver / 中国药理学通报

Aim To examine weather fructo-oligosaccharides(FOS) and silybin(Sil) could exhibit synergetic effect on treating obesity-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods Seventy mice were randomly divided into two groups:control group (NCD,fed with normal chow diet),the other sixty mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) to establish NAFLD model.Seventy days after the establishment of experimental model,the latter group was then randomly subdivided into six groups:model (HFD),Sil (30mg· kg-1),FOS (2 000 mg · kg-1),Sil (30 mg ·kg-1) combined with FOS of high,medium and low dose respectively.The NCD and HFD group were given 0.5％ CMC,and the other groups were fed with high-fat diet and given 10 mL · kg-1 by gavage daily,then body weight and food intake were recorded.Fasting blood glucose,insulin,homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistence index (HOMA-IR) and oral glucose tolerance tests(OGTT) were measured after 120 days.All mice were sacrificed after 130 days,and blood and liver were collected.Levels of TC,TG,ALT,AST in serum were detected,and liver index and pathology were also examined.Results FOS (2 000 mg · kg-1) showed obvious synergism for Sil-mediated attenuation of levels of TC,TG,ALT,AST in serum,fasting blood glucose,insulin,HOMA-IR,OGTI curve,liver index and pathology,but FOS (4 000 mg · kg-1) could not bring superiority with a double dose,except for its improvement in body weight of mice with NAFLD.Conclusions In the treatment of NAFLD,FOS exhibits synergetic effect with Sil.This agent might be a potent candidate for obesity and NAFLD prevention,through modulating the composition of gut microbiota.

Analysis of synergistic service of health institutions: A case study of Changzhou City in Jiangsu Province / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective: This research is conducted to analyze the background, the main practices and the results of the synergistic service of health institutions in Changzhou city, as well as to provide references for promoting the construction of integrated medical and health service system.Methods: This paper uses qualitative interviews and questionnaires to collect information and analyzes the data based on synergetic management theory.Results:Changzhou city has tentatively achieved the synergy of its health institutions by introducing relevant policies, setting up healthcare unions at the municipal level, integrating internal resources among healthcare unions, establishing health information platform and feedback mechanism, etc.Conclusion: The regional synergistic service of health institutions can be effectively promoted by introducing policies at the municipal level, promoting the mutual sharing and communication on information, and integrating internal resources among healthcare unions.But, as there still exist problems such as the distribution of benefits is not perfect, the degree of synergy is not close, etc., thus, the government is suggested to expand the implementation scope of the close-type medical service synergy and further improve the distribution policy of benefits.

Synergetic Hepatoprotective Effects of Korean Red Ginseng and Pueraria Radix on the Liver Damaged-Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl₄) in Mice

This study was designed to investigate the synergetic hepatoprotective effects from a mixture of Korean Red Ginseng and Pueraria Radix on carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Liver toxicity was induced by intraperitoneal administration of CCl₄ (0.6 mg/kg) in 12 groups of ICR mice. The negative control group was given CCl₄ without test samples and the normal group was given no treatment. Among treatment groups, the RGAP treatment (Korean Red ginseng acetic acid extract : Pueraria Radix water extract, w/w, 38.4:57.6) decreased CCl₄-elevated ALT (101.60 IU/L), AST (833.89 IU/L), and LDH (365.02 IU/L) levels in the serum, and increased the SOD (11.03 unit/mg protein) and CAT (0.37 unit/mg protein) levels and the LPO levels (59.09 µM/g tissue) more than that in the mice group with CCl₄-induced control group hepatotoxicity. These results suggest that administration of a mixture of Korean Red ginseng and Pueraria Radix decreases CCl₄-induced liver damage and enhances antioxidant activity in mice and imply that administration of the mixture in a certain ratio is more effective than single administration of either Korean Red ginseng or Pueraria Radix alone.

The synergetic effect of combined astaxanthin and lithium chloride treatment on cognitive dysfunc-tion of chronic omethoate poisoned mice / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the synergetic effect of combined astaxanthin ( AST) and lith-ium chloride ( LiCl) treatment on cognitive dysfunction of chronic omethoate poisoned mice. Methods 8 mice were selected randomly as control group from 55 healthy adult male Kunming mice,and the rest were used to establish chronic organophosphate poisoning cognitive impairment models by injecting omethoate 5 mg/kg subcutaneously every day for 4 weeks. Totally 40 successfully established models were randomly divid-ed into model group,AST group,edaravone group,LiCl group and AST+LiCl group with 8 in each. Morris wa-ter maze test was used to examine the learning and memory ability of mice. Contents of reactive oxygen spe-cies (ROS) in hippocampus were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Activity of superoxide dismutase ( SOD) in hippocampus was measured by colorimetric assay. Morphology of hippocam-pus area was observed by HE staining. The distribution and expression of p-PI3K,p-Akt,p-GSK3β and p-CREB were determined by immunohistochemical staining ( IHC staining) and Western blot. Results The average escape latency of 5 days in each group was statistically significant (F=1662.147, P<0.05) . The av-erage escape latency of 5 days in AST+LiCl group was significantly lower than that in model group ( all P<0.05) and was lower than other treatment groups. Compared with the control group (0.087±0.007,0.084± 0.009,0.097±0.002,0.076±0.012),the hippocampal neuronal injury in model group was serious,the expres-sions of p-PI3K (0.032±0.008),p-Akt (0.03±0.006),p-GSK3β (0.028±0.007) and p-CREB (0.020± 0.008) was significantly lower ( all P<0.05) . The injuries of hippocampal neurons in AST+LiCl group were slightly lighter than that in model group,and the expression of p-PI3K (0.067±0.008),p-Akt (0.065± 0.005),p-GSK3β (0.068±0.009) and p-CREB (0.062±0.008) in hippocampus was significantly higher than that in model group ( all P<0.05) . Conclusion Combined AST and LiCL treatment exerts neuroprotec-tive effect on cognitive dysfunction induced by chronic organophosphate poisoning via up-regulating the ex-pression of Akt/GSK3β/CREB.

Evaluate drug interaction of multi-components in Morus alba leaves based on α-glucosidase inhibitory activity / 中国中药杂志

Column chromatography was used for enrichment and separation of flavonoids, alkaloids and polysaccharides from the extracts of Morus alba leaves; glucose oxidase method was used with sucrose as the substrate to evaluate the multi-components of M. alba leaves in α-glucosidase inhibitory models; isobole method, Chou-Talalay combination index analysis and isobolographic analysis were used to evaluate the interaction effects and dose-effect characteristics of two components, providing scientific basis for revealing the hpyerglycemic mechanism of M. alba leaves. The components analysis showed that flavonoid content was 5.3%; organic phenolic acids content was 10.8%; DNJ content was 39.4%; and polysaccharide content was 18.9%. Activity evaluation results demonstrated that flavonoids, alkaloids and polysaccharides of M. alba leaves had significant inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase, and the inhibitory rate was increased with the increasing concentration. Alkaloids showed most significant inhibitory effects among these three components. Both compatibility of alkaloids and flavonoids, and the compatibility of alkaloids and polysaccharides demonstrated synergistic effects, but the compatibility of flavonoids and polysaccharides showed no obvious synergistic effects. The results have confirmed the interaction of multi-components from M. alba leaves to regulate blood sugar, and provided scientific basis for revealing hpyerglycemic effectiveness and mechanism of the multi-components from M. alba leaves.

Effects of curcumin on proliferation and apoptosis of CD34+CD38-KG1 a cells and its synergetic effect with busulfan / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To investigate the effects of curcumin on proliferation and apoptosis of CD34+CD38-KG1a cells and its synergetic effect with busulfan on CD34+CD38-KG1a cells.Methods The expressions of CD34 and CD38 on the surface of KG1a cells and the effect of curcumin on the cell cycle and apoptosis in CD34+CD38-KG1a cells were detected by flow cytometry.MTT assay was used to analyze curcumin’s inhibitory effects on proliferation and synergistic effect with busulfan on CD34+CD38-KG1a.Clone formation rate was measured by methylcellulose colony-formation assay.Morphological changes of apoptotic cells were observed with the inverted optical microscope.The expression of Bcl-2 at the protein level was detected by Western blot.Results The percentage of CD34+CD38-KG1a was (98.2±3.2)% in KG1a cells.Curcumin could inhibit the proliferation in time-and dose-dependent manners and reduce the colony-formation ability of CD34+CD38-KG1a.The coefficient of drug interaction between curcumin and busulfan was less than 1.CD34+CD38-KG1a cells were arrested in the G0/G1 phase by decreasing S phase cells.Meanwhile,curcumin induced the apoptosis of CD34+CD38-KG1a cells. Apoptotic cells became bigger than normal ones,with unclear cell structure and rough edge of cell membrane.The expression of Bcl-2 at the protein level was down-regulated by curcumin.Conclusion Curcumin inhibited the proliferation of CD34+CD38-KG1a cells by reducing colony-formation ability,arresting cells in the G0/G1 phase and inducing apoptosis.Besides,there was a synergistic effect between curcumin and busulfan in CD34+CD38-KG1a cells.The down-regulated expression of Bcl-2 at the protein level may be associated with curcumin-induced apoptosis of CD34+CD38-KG1a cells.

Research on the polycentric synergetic development strategy of basic medical care and health service / 中华医院管理杂志

Polycentric governance theory of public goods provides a new approach for the goal of Basic medical care and health service for all.From the perspective of the public goods property of basic medical care and health service,the paper analyzed the predicament brought one-center supply mode,and designed the basic medical care and health service polycentric supply mode on the basis on the polycentric governance theory.On the basis,it proposed the polycentric supply synergetic development strategies.

Una revisión dellas relaciones entre los sistems dinámicos y la psicología dell desarrollo: a review of relations between dynamic systems and developmental psycholgyy

Este artículo tiene como propósito presentar una revisión de las relaciones entre los sistemas dinámicos y las teorías del desarrollo. Para ello, se mencionan ciertos antecedentes de la aparición de los sistemas complejos en psicología, que derivan en su inclusión en la psicología del desarrollo, especialmente con la sinergética y su aplicación al problema del movimiento de Bernstein. Se expone la psicología del desarrollo de Esther Thelen y Paul van Geert, donde se describen diversas propiedades de los sistemas dinámicos no lineales y varios métodos para estudiar el cambio psicológico. El texto finaliza señalando algunas consecuencias de la implementación de esta aproximación y los posibles retos para una ciencia del cambio.

This paper presents a review of relations between dynamical systems and development theories. To do this, mentioned some background of the emergence of complex systems in psychology is mentioned, which result in their inclusion in developmental psychology, especially with the synergetic and its application to the problem of the motion of Bernstein. Explain Esther Thelen and Paul van Geert developmental psychology is explained, which describes various properties of nonlinear dynamical systems and some types of methods for studying psychological change. The paper concludes by pointing out some consequences of the implementation of this approach and potential challenges for a science of change.

Anticancer Effects of the Single-chain Fv Fragment scFv (3G11) Against Type Ⅳ Collagenase in Combination with Cisplatin / 医学研究杂志

Objective To explore the effect of recombinant scFv (3G11)directed against type IV collagenase in combination with cisplatin on the therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods The effects of cisplatin on the type IV collagenase secreted by cancer cells were investigated by gelatin zymography analysis and Western-blot.The antitumor activity of scFv (3G11)in combination with cisplatin was evaluated by MTT assay in vitro and a mouse hepatoma 22 model in vivo.Results Cisplatin inhibited the activity of type IV collagenase.ScFv (3G11)in combination with cisplatin showed significant inhibition effects on the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma both in vitro and in vivo.The coefficient of drug interaction(CDI)was less than 1.Conclusions ScFv (3G11)in combination with cisplatin demonstrated synergetic effects on the therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Synergetic Effect of Xuebijing Injection and Cefoperazone Sodium/Sulbactam Sodium on Sepsis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To observe the synergetic effect of Xuebijing injection and Cefoperazone Sodium/Sulbactam Sodium for the treatment of patients with sepsis.METHODS: Patients with sepsis were randomly assigned to receive Cefoperazone Sodium/Sulbactam Sodium 3 g bid alone by iv drip(Control Group,75 cases) or in combination with Xuebijing injection(100 mL bid,79 cases) for 7 days.RESULTS: The total efficective rate after 7-day treatment had significant difference between two groups(86.67% in control group versus 94.94% in treatment group,(P